The Ten Gurus
Sikhi has ten human Gurus, beginning with Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469–1539) and ending with Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1666–1708). Together they shaped the faith over more than two centuries.
From Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Nanak Dev Ji founded Sikhi and travelled thousands of miles on journeys called Udasis to share his message of equality and devotion. The line continued through nine successors — including Guru Angad Dev Ji, who popularised the Gurmukhi script, and Guru Ram Das Ji, who founded the city of Amritsar.
Sacrifice and courage
Several Gurus gave their lives for the faith. Guru Arjan Dev Ji became the first Sikh martyr in 1606. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji sacrificed his life in 1675 to protect the religious freedom of others, earning the title 'Hind di Chaadar' (Shield of India).
The eternal Guru
Before his death in 1708, Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared the Guru Granth Sahib Ji — the Sikh scripture — to be the eternal, living Guru. Sikhs have followed no human Guru since.
Key terms
- Guru Nanak Dev Ji
- The first Guru and founder of Sikhi (1469–1539).
- Guru Gobind Singh Ji
- The tenth and final human Guru (1666–1708), who founded the Khalsa.
- Hind di Chaadar
- 'Shield of India' — the title given to Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji.
These are short introductions to help you get started. For deeper study, please refer to the Guru Granth Sahib Ji and speak with your local Gurdwara.